Groups representing states and cities in the Great Lakes
region on Tuesday proposed spending up to $9.5 billion on a massive engineering
project to separate the lakes from the Mississippi River watershed in the
Chicago area, describing it as the only sure way to protect both aquatic
systems from invasions by destructive species such as Asian carp.
The organizations issued a report suggesting three
alternatives for severing an artificial link between the two drainage basins
that was constructed more than a century ago. Scientists say it has already
provided a pathway for exotic species and is the likeliest route through which
menacing carp could reach the lakes, where they could destabilize food webs and
threaten a valuable fishing industry.
"We simply can't afford to risk that," said Tim
Eder, executive director of the Great Lakes Commission, which sponsored the
study with the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative. "The Great
Lakes have suffered immensely because of invasive species. We have to put a
stop to this."
The report's release is sure to ramp up pressure on the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, which is conducting its own study of how to close off
18 potential pathways between the two systems, including the Chicago waterways.
The corps plans to release its findings in late 2015, a timetable it says is
necessary because of the job's complexity and regulatory requirements. A
pending federal lawsuit by five states - Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio
and Pennsylvania - demands quicker action.
"This study shows that hydrological separation is both
technically and economically feasible," said Rep. Dave Camp, a Michigan
Republican.
A spokeswoman said the corps would not comment until it
could review the report.
The project that linked the two drainage basins began in the
1890s when engineers reversed the flow of the Chicago River to flush sewage
away from the city and into a newly built, 28-mile-long canal that created a
connection between Lake Michigan and the Illinois River, a tributary of the
Mississippi. It is now a network of rivers, locks and canals.
In their report, the two groups call for placing barriers at
key points to cut off the flow of water between the two drainage basins by
2029.
One alternative would put barriers in five locations near
Lake Michigan. Another would erect a single barrier in the ship canal before it
branches off into connecting waterways. A third plan would use four barriers.
The report does not express a preference but says the
four-barrier plan would cost less than the others - between $3.26 billion and
$4.27 billion. That plan, the report says, would cause less disruption of
waterborne commerce and fewer problems with flood and stormwater control, all
of which opponents contend would result from dividing the two systems. It also comes
closest to restoring the natural divide between the watersheds, said David
Ullrich, executive director of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities
Initiative.
The report doesn't make a detailed proposal for covering the
costs but says the four-barrier plan could be done if the average household in
the Great Lakes basin paid about $1 a month through 2059.
The five-barrier and single-barrier plans' price tags could
reach about $9.5 billion.
Despite the high cost, the report's sponsors said the
project would save money in the long run by shielding both systems from species
invasions. Zebra and quagga mussels and sea lamprey already have exacted a
heavy toll on the Great Lakes economy, and the region's leaders fear the Asian
carp could make things much worse.
"Yes, it's expensive. But the cost of doing nothing is
greater," Ullrich said.
Asian carp escaped from Southern fish farms and sewage
treatment plants decades ago and migrated up the Mississippi and its
tributaries, gobbling up plankton that is essential for other nourishing other
fish.
The study, commissioned by the two groups and developed by a
private engineering firm, will make the idea of separation easier for people in
the region to grasp, said Joel Brammeier, president of the Alliance for the Great
Lakes, a Chicago-based environmental group.
"It's a natural, practical, on-the-ground map of how to
get it done," Brammeier said.
Mark Biel, chairman of an Illinois business coalition called
UnLock Our Jobs that opposes separating the watersheds, said the Great Lakes
groups' proposals would take many years to carry out and would devastate cargo
shipping and pleasure boating in the Chicago area while doing nothing to prevent
species invasions elsewhere.
"Calling this a solution is ludicrous," Biel said.
But the report's authors said their plan envisions upgrades
to docks and other infrastructure that, in the long run, would boost water
commerce while improving water quality and flood protection. The barriers
themselves would make up just 3 percent of the total cost.
The Army Corps of Engineers contends an electric barrier in
the shipping canal is preventing Asian carp and other fish from swimming
upstream toward Lake Michigan, although carp DNA has been found beyond the
device. Eder said the barrier is a good temporary measure, but not a permanent
solution.
"It's kind of like the old Clint Eastwood adage, 'How
lucky do you feel?'" he said. "We can take chances that the electric
barrier and other measures will work, but I don't think we should."
